Updates in molecular dermatopathology: from diagnostics to theranostics

The last decade has witnessed revolutionary developments in novel molecular techniques. The numerous available platforms have enhanced our diagnostic and prognostic capacities. Herein, we review the different applications of the currently available molecular tests in the field of neoplastic dermatopathology. First, we will discuss diagnostic platforms such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and RNA-based gene expression signature tests. We then consider the prognostic and theranostic value of platforms including high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS), matrix-assisted laser dissociation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and the gold standard of Sanger sequencing. Using melanoma, diagnostically challenging spitzoid lesions, and biphasic cutaneous carcinosarcomas as prototype neoplastic diseases, we will show the effects of these platforms on treatment development according to specific identified targets. Correspondence to: Phyu P Aung, M.D.; Ph.D., Department of Pathology, Unit 0085, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, UA, Tel: 713-794-4951; E-mail: paung@mdanderson. org